Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Inhibit the Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.

Thitiya Luetragoon,Pachuen Potup,Kanchana Usuwanthim,Yordhathai Thongsri,Rungnapa Pankla Sranujit,Nitra Nuengchamnong,Nungruthai Suphrom,Chanai Noysang

doi:10.3390/molecules25010191

Thitiya Luetragoon, Pachuen Potup + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010191

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Abstract

Moringa oleifera (MO) is an important plant for traditional medicine. The present study aimed to identify the MO active phytochemical compounds for their ability against inflamed macrophages. An ethyl acetate extract fraction of MO was fractionation by flash column chromatography. Human macrophages were stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide and then treated with fractions of MO to examine their anti-inflammatory activity and cellular mechanism. The active fractions were analyzed by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). MO treated cells showed a decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediator in response to lipopolysaccharide. This was evident at both mRNA and protein levels. The study revealed that MO suppressed mRNA expression of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, PTGS2, NF-κB (P50), and RelA. Furthermore, the extract effectively inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2. Interestingly, the effect of MO inhibited phosphorylation of IκB-α and the ability to reduce expression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, suppressing its nuclear translocation. Moreover, LC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis of the MO active fraction revealed seven compounds, namely 3,4-Methyleneazelaic acid, (2S)-2-phenylmethoxybutane-1,4-diol, (2R)-2-phenylmethoxybutane-1, 4-diol, γ-Diosphenol, 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-6-(1-oxobutyl)-1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione, 3-Hydroxy-β-ionone, and Tuberonic acid. Our findings highlight the ability of MO compounds to inhibit inflammation through regulation of the NF-κB pathway.

Highlights

Inflammation is a protective mechanism that is necessary in the first line of body host defense against microbial infection and injury
Our findings clearly reveal that the compounds in Moringa leaves extract potently suppresses the targeting of the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, leading to downregulation of inflammation processes via decreasing of pro-inflammatory mediators
We investigated the effects of crude extract and fractions on LPSLPS-stimulated cells that change the transcription factor Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, phospho-IκBα, and COX-2, as stimulated cells that change theregulating transcription factor NF-κB, process

Summary

Introduction

Inflammation is a protective mechanism that is necessary in the first line of body host defense against microbial infection and injury. Molecules 2020, 25, 191 monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes—are recruited to the damaged site [1] They can produce many cytokines—such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α—which promote immune cell activation and cell infiltration to the site of infection, leading to inflammation progression. There are many studies related to medicinal plants and their effect on the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. These plants have been shown to increase the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [8,9,10]

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