Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia refers to the presence of elevated concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the bloodstream (TG >200 mg/dL). This lipid alteration is known to be associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, contributing overall to the onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Guidelines for the management of hypertriglyceridemia are based on both lifestyle intervention and pharmacological treatment, but poor adherence, medication-related costs and side effects can limit the success of these interventions. For this reason, the search for natural alternative approaches to reduce plasma TG levels currently represents a hot research field. This review article summarizes the most relevant clinical trials reporting the TG-reducing effect of different food-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, based on the evidence obtained from in vitro studies, we provide a description and classification of putative targets of action through which several bioactive compounds can exert a TG-lowering effect. Future research may lead to investigations of the efficacy of novel nutraceutical formulations consisting in a combination of bioactive compounds which contribute to the management of plasma TG levels through different action targets.
Highlights
Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as the presence of elevated concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the bloodstream (TG >200 mg/dL) [1]
The aim of this review is to summarize evidence about food-derived bioactive compounds involved in the management of plasma TG levels, with a specific focus on the data obtained from human studies and the putative action targets through which these natural substances may exert their beneficial effect
We exclusively included (i) published studies from the last 5 years, (ii) studies investigating the effects of chronic administration with food-derived bioactive compound-based supplements, excluding both acute studies and diet-intervention studies, and (iii) studies reporting the effect of exclusive nutraceutical supplementation, excluding those investigating the administration with pharmaceutical treatments
Summary
Hypertriglyceridemia refers to the presence of elevated concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the bloodstream (TG >200 mg/dL). This lipid alteration is known to be associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, contributing overall to the onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Guidelines for the management of hypertriglyceridemia are based on both lifestyle intervention and pharmacological treatment, but poor adherence, medication-related costs and side effects can limit the success of these interventions. For this reason, the search for natural alternative approaches to reduce plasma TG levels currently represents a hot research field.
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