Bioactive compounds and their their antifeedant activity in the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) shell extract against Bemisia tabaci, (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)

Wuye Ria Andayanie,Netty Ermawaty,Wahidin Nuriana

doi:10.14720/aas.2019.113.2.9

Wuye Ria Andayanie, Netty Ermawaty + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.113.2.9

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Abstract

The present study was carried out to analyze bioactive compounds and their their antifeedant activityity in the cashew nut (Anacardiaceae) shell extract against Bemisia tabaci. Hexane was used as solvent in the extraction. The result showed that shell extract of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were 63.11 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1; 1.79 mg quercetin equivalents g-1; and 16.04 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that anacardic acid has the highest concentration (76.93 %) in the extract. The viscous extract of cashew nut at concentration of 0.75 % was able to inhibit the landing and provided an active role as anti-oviposition on B. tabaci. There were significantly fewer landings than after use of insecticide with imidacloprid active compound at concentration of 0.50 %, after 72 h of application. Mortalities of B. tabaci caused by extracts with concentration of 1.50 % and 3.00 % were not significantly different after 24 and 48 h of application. At concentration of 3.00 % there was no phytotoxic effect. The highest mortality of B. tabaci was obtained at concentration of 6.00 %. However, concentration of 6 % of extract caused phytotoxic symptoms on soybean leaves.

Highlights

One of the main problems in soybean cultivation today is the presence of whitefly ((Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae))
It was clear that cashew nut shell (CNS) extracts contained several phenolic compounds
This study showed the presence of phenolics, among them flavonoids and tannins in CNS extract

Summary

Introduction

One of the main problems in soybean cultivation today is the presence of whitefly ((Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)). The accumulation of fungi reduces sunlight penetration and the photosynthetic rate (Vieira et al, 2013). This pest is a viral vector of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). These viruses could be transmitted to the plants by the feeding of infected B. tabaci adults. The use of chemical pesticide has been indicated to be excessive by the soybean farmer’s. The use of chemical is generally not recommended for B. tabaci as the high risk of the toxic residual effect can be hazardous to consumers’ health and pest resurgence problem. Botanical insecticides may be potential alternatives of chemical for managing B. tabaci, which make them suitable insecticides for organic agriculture

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