Bioactive Compounds and Their Effect on Blood Pressure-A Review.

Bartosz Malinowski,Paweł Szandorowski,Michał Wiciński,Christopher George Hill,Raul Ignacio Fajardo Leighton

doi:10.3390/nu12061659

Abstract

Elevated blood pressure affects a great part of the elderly population and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. New approaches have been taken in the fight against this growing problem, in the form of diets (Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and intermittent fasting). Recent research has shown the promising results regarding diets and their effect on the prevention and improvement of elevated blood pressure. This review attempts to take this a step further, reviewing 26 studies in the search for dietary elements that may be causing this improvement. Although good evidence was found in favor of lycopene, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fiber and anthocyanin, further evidence is needed before any conclusions can be made. In contrast, the evidence shows that licorice increases blood pressure.

Highlights

Elevated blood pressure, known as, hypertension is a medical condition affecting over1.13 billion people worldwide and causes approximately 9.4 million deaths due to complications every year [1,2].This condition may affect people of all ages but has a predominant prevalence in the adult population, affecting over 50% of adults between 50–59 years of age and approximately 70% of adults over 70 years of age [3]
Anthocyanins are phytochemicals belonging to the polyphenol family
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is an enzyme found in vascular endothelial cells and plays a major role in the production of nitric oxide (NO), which causes vasorelaxation of adjacent smooth muscle cells

Summary

Introduction

Known as, hypertension is a medical condition affecting over1.13 billion people worldwide and causes approximately 9.4 million deaths due to complications every year [1,2].This condition may affect people of all ages but has a predominant prevalence in the adult population, affecting over 50% of adults between 50–59 years of age and approximately 70% of adults over 70 years of age [3]. Known as, hypertension is a medical condition affecting over. 1.13 billion people worldwide and causes approximately 9.4 million deaths due to complications every year [1,2]. This condition may affect people of all ages but has a predominant prevalence in the adult population, affecting over 50% of adults between 50–59 years of age and approximately 70% of adults over 70 years of age [3]. Recent studies have classified high systolic blood pressure (SBP) as the leading risk factors for death and disability worldwide, as well as hypertension being the largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease [4,5]. Secondary hypertension accounts for 5–10% of all hypertensive patients and has an identifiable origin which can be treated and even curable if the underlying cause is treated (examples are primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, renal artery stenosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea and oral contraceptives) [9]

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