Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a problem that continues to challenge the healthcare sector, especially in clinically significant pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein is described the isolation and structure elucidation of a bioactive compound from Allium stipitatum with antimicrobial activity. Crude Allium stipitatum dichloromethane extract (ASDE) was subjected to systematic purification by chromatographic procedures to afford various bioactive fractions. A fraction that exhibited anti-MRSA activity (4 µg·mL−1) was further characterized to determine the structure. The structure of the compound was elucidated as 2-(methyldithio)pyridine-3-carbonitrile (2-Medpy-3-CN). The 2-Medpy-3-CN compound, which was screened for antimicrobial activity, exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 0.5 to >64 µg·mL−1 for tested bacterial species and 0.25 to 2 µg·mL−1 for Candida spp. Further studies are important to confirm the drug target and mechanism of action.
Highlights
The sustained increase in life-threatening infectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases (EID) due to the multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is an immense and serious global challenge
We identified dichloromethane extract of Allium stipitatum or Persian shallot, popularly known as “Mooseer”, a wild edible plant mostly found in the cold mountains of central, south, and western Iran, some provinces of Turkey, and central Asia, to exhibit strong antimicrobial and wound-healing activity [20,21,22,23,24]
A total of 80 fractions were obtained through silica gel column chromatography (CC) and all the fractions were subjected for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis
Summary
The sustained increase in life-threatening infectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases (EID) due to the multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is an immense and serious global challenge. Infections associated with MDR Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant. Enterococcus faecium [2], MDR Acinetobacter baumannii [3], trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia [4], and azole-resistant Candida albicans [5,6] are adequately reported worldwide. Among the many clinically challenging microbes, S. aureus is a well-armed virulent pathogen that is currently the most common cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide. The high morbidity and mortality rates [7], and high treatment costs in combating MRSA infections [8,9,10] strongly underscore the pressing need for new classes of antimicrobials to overcome multidrug resistance. Allium has a long history of its use in traditional medicine with high therapeutic properties and its ethno-medicinal use is reported from most regions of the temperate world including
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