Bioaccumulation, Subcellular Distribution, and Trophic Transfer of Copper in a Coastal Marine Diatom

Abstract

Cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of copper were measured in the coastal marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii grown with free Cu ion concentrations (10-14.79−10-9.79 M) that are typical of coastal waters. Intracellular Cu quotas increased 2−3-fold and 4−5-fold per decade increase in free Cu ion concentration over the pCu (pCu = −log [Cu2+]) ranges of 14.79−11.79 and 11.79−9.79, respectively. The trophically available cytoplasmic pool of Cu increased by 2 orders of magnitude in T. weissflogii cells (0.53 × 10-17−75 × 10-17 mol Cu cell-1) grown with 10-14.8−10-9.8 M free Cu. A 2-fold increase in intracellular and cytoplasmic Cu concentrations was observed in response to lowering the free concentration of the potentially antagonistic metal Zn by a factor of 10. However, the percent of intracellular Cu in the cytoplasmic fraction of T. weissflogii (≅ 40%) was relatively constant over the range of cupric ion activities and [Cu2+]:[Zn2+] ratios applied. The assimilation efficiency (AE) of copper in marine copepods fed T. weissflogii, determined using the inert-tracer ratio method, was 40.3 ± 6.3% for copepods fed diatoms grown at pCu = 12.79 and 50.3 ± 9.7% for copepods fed diatoms grown at pCu = 10.79. Our results suggest that, above free Cu concentrations of 10-11.8 M, the availability of Cu for trophic transfer in coastal waters increases as a result of rapidly increasing concentrations of Cu in the assimilable, cytoplasmic fraction of diatoms and potentially higher Cu AEs at the base of the pelagic food web.