Abstract
Concentration of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Zinc and Mercury were determined in the muscles, gills and liver of ten fish species (Epinephelus areolatus, Epinephelus radiates, Anthias squamipinnis, Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides, Snubnose emperor, Dicentrarchus labrax, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus, lutjanus kasmira, lutjanus ehrenbergii and Acanthurus gahhm) as well as three specimens of crustaceans (Metapenaeus dalli, Panulirus penicillatus and Portunus petagicus) and two Specimens of squids (Parateuthis tunicate and Chtenopteryx sicula) collected from Jeddah coastal water during 2014. The obtained results declared that, the average concentrations of heavy metals were as follows: Cd (0.098, 0.20, 0.106), Cu (0.358, 0.327, 1.536), Pb (0.3, 0.257, 0.196), Zn (3.00, 7.390, 4.999) μg/g wet weight in the muscle, gills and liver, respectively. While, the concentration of Hg was invariably undetectable in all samples of different organs of the collected fish species. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in the soft part of the investigated crustaceans (Metapenaeus dalli, Panulirus penicillatus and Portunus petagicus) and squids (Parateuthis tunicate and Chtenopteryx sicula) were relatively higher compared with the muscle tissues in the examined fish species. The results of bioconcentration factor (BCFs) indicated that among examined metals Zn was the most readily absorbed by fish and the highest BAFs for examined fish species were determined in gill of Snubnose emperor.
Highlights
Jeddah was first inhabited about 2500 years ago as a small fishing settlement and has long been a center for traders and sailors
Fishes are the main aquatic products of Jeddah area, seafood lovers from all walks of life can be found browsing through the colourful variety of tender meat that the Red Sea offers
Gills and liver are chosen as target organs for assessing metal accumulation higher than the muscle tissue, which usually exhibits a low accumulation potential of metals
Summary
Jeddah was first inhabited about 2500 years ago as a small fishing settlement and has long been a center for traders and sailors. There is a doubt that fishes were contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants due to the strategic location of Jeddah as one of the international shipping centers and a large number of toxic chemicals and effluent-producing industries are located in and around Jeddah City. It is known that some shrimp and crab may provide useful means of monitoring such heavy metal concentrations and their impact on the marine environment. Much attention has been focused on the concentration of both essential and toxic metals in ecosystems and their component organisms, as a result of a growing concern about the health benefits and risks of food consumption in order to check for those hazardous to human health because they are not biodegradable and have long biological half-lives [3]-[10]
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