Bio-Source of di-n-butyl phthalate production by filamentous fungi.

Congkui Tian,Yuan Xie,Zhexian Tian,Weiling Sun,Yanrong Ma,Sitong Liu,Zhenxing Yang,Yiping Wang,Yuefei Huang,Yongzhao Guo,Nan Xu,Fang Chang,Jinren Ni,Chenyuan Dang

doi:10.1038/srep19791

Congkui Tian, Yuan Xie + Show 12 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19791

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Feb 9, 2016
Citations: 28	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Peking University, Tsinghua University

Abstract

Although DBP (di-n-butyl phthalate) is commonly encountered as an artificially-synthesized plasticizer with potential to impair fertility, we confirm that it can also be biosynthesized as microbial secondary metabolites from naturally occurring filamentous fungi strains cultured either in an artificial medium or natural water. Using the excreted crude enzyme from the fungi for catalyzing a variety of substrates, we found that the fungal generation of DBP was largely through shikimic acid pathway, which was assembled by phthalic acid with butyl alcohol through esterification. The DBP production ability of the fungi was primarily influenced by fungal spore density and incubation temperature. This study indicates an important alternative natural waterborne source of DBP in addition to artificial synthesis, which implied fungal contribution must be highlighted for future source control and risk management of DBP.

Highlights

di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) concentration 2958 ± 45 3003 ± 21 3055 ± 35 2595 ± 31 2646 ± 56 2605 ± 36 2796 ± 32 2822 ± 34 2893 ± 93DBP in the culture medium which was inoculated with 200 μ L spore suspensions
The peak at 52.1 min corresponding to the EtOAc extracts of the three species of fungi was higher compared to other peaks during the first 7 days
The pseudo-molecular ion peak at 279 [M + H]+ m/z in ESI-MS( Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), corresponded to di-n-butyl phthalate based on its 1H and 13C NMR characteristics (1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3) δ :7.71 (2 H, m), 7.52 (2 H, m), 4.30 (2 H, t, J = 6.7 Hz), 1.71 (4 H, m), 1.44 (4 H, m, H-3), 0.96 (6 H, t, J = 7.4 Hz); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ : 167.8, 132.4, 131.0, 128.9, 65.7, 30.7, 19.3, 13.8)(see Supplementary Fig.S2 online)

Summary

Introduction

DBP concentration (μg/L) 2958 ± 45 3003 ± 21 3055 ± 35 2595 ± 31 2646 ± 56 2605 ± 36 2796 ± 32 2822 ± 34 2893 ± 93. DBP in the culture medium which was inoculated with 200 μ L spore suspensions (see Supplementary Fig. S4 online). As the culture time prolonged, dry weight of mycelia increased to a certain peak and began to decline, this is fully consistent with the growth regularity of microbes

Methods

Results

Conclusion