Abstract
This research aims to gain the technology of bio-intensive integrated control of tungro. The experiments were done in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of Bio-intensive integrated control, compared to Conventional control. The subplots are: 1) the susceptible varieties (TN1), 2) green leafhopper–resistant varieties (IR64), and 3) tungro resistant varieties (Inpari 9 Elo). The subplots are 10 m x 10 m, and every subplot is replicated three times. Variables observed were the population density of green leafhopper (GLH) and the predators, the percentage of tungro incidence, and the grain yield. The results showed that the population of GLH in the plots of bio-intensive integrated control (27.32, 2.34, 4.83, and 5.16) was lower than the population of GLH in conventional control (34.00, 21.17, 7.84, and 6.50). The GLH population density tends to be higher in varieties TN1 than the other varieties both in bio-intensive and conventional control. It is found that 12 species of predator exist in all varieties of bio-intensive control and conventional plots. At 8 WAT the infection of RTV on all varieties in bio-intensive plot control is lower (0.67 - 2.67%) than the incidence of tungro in conventional plot control (3.00 - 8.67%).
Highlights
Tungro disease is one of the main constraints in rice production (Oryza sativa L.) in Indonesia and throughout South and Southeast Asia
The lack of rice RTD inoculum sources, lower green leafhopper (GLH) population and the widespread use of resistant cultivars against RTV were the main reasons why tungro incidence decreases from time to time in South Sulawesi, the recommendations for the appropriate planting time and cultivar rotation are no longer practiced by the farmers [4]
When it is compared between the two treatments in this control, it noted that at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting in the plots of bio-intensive integrated control i.e., planting time based on the recommendation, plant flowering plants as a trap/towing insects around rice plants, using andromeda, the population of green leafhopper (27.32, 2.34, 4.83,and 5.16 ) is relatively lower than the population of green leafhopper in conventional control where the farmers use pesticides (34.00, 21.17, 7.84 and 6.50)
Summary
Tungro disease is one of the main constraints in rice production (Oryza sativa L.) in Indonesia and throughout South and Southeast Asia. The threat of tungro disease in Indonesia always exists every year, which has been identified in 34 provinces [1]. In South Sulawesi, tungro incidences of the past 10 years are relatively low. The lack of rice RTD inoculum sources, lower GLH population and the widespread use of resistant cultivars against RTV were the main reasons why tungro incidence decreases from time to time in South Sulawesi, the recommendations for the appropriate planting time and cultivar rotation are no longer practiced by the farmers [4]
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