Abstract
Natural ivory is no longer readily or legally available, as it is obtained primarily from elephant tusks, which now enjoy international protection. Ivory, however, is the best material known for piano keys. We present a hydroxylapatite–gelatin biocomposite that is chemically identical to natural ivory but with functional properties optimized to replace it. As this biocomposite is fabricated from abundant materials in an environmentally friendly process and is furthermore biodegradable, it is a sustainable solution for piano keys with the ideal functional properties of natural ivory.
Highlights
Ivory has been the material of choice for the veneer of piano keys
We present a hydroxylapatite–gelatin biocomposite that is chemically identical to natural ivory but with functional properties optimized to replace it
Gelatin is obtained by thermally hydrolyzing collagen from porcine skins and bones
Summary
Ivory has been the material of choice for the veneer of piano keys. The continuing preference for ivory is driven by its excellent tactile properties. Ivory features a rather high thermal conductivity and provides a desirable grip for the fingers. These tactile properties even endure extensive playing due to ivory’s significant moisture absorption capacity. The optical appearance of polished ivory is appealing because of its characteristic soft, warm color, and luster. In addition to piano keys, ivory has been used for art objects, everyday items such as handles and billiard balls, and for the mouthpieces of certain wind instruments
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