Abstract
Thrombosis can cause the occlusion of implantable medical devices, leading to the rejection of the device and subsequent mortality. Thrombosis is primarily induced by red blood aggregation and coagulation. The administration of anticoagulant drugs is generally used as a treatment to avoid these processes. Adverse effects such as bleeding in the event of an anticoagulant overdose, osteoporosis associated with prolonged use, hypersensitivity, and hives have been reported. New strategies such as biomolecule surface functionalization have recently been studied to overcome these problems. In this study, we report a novel coating composed of polydopamine (PDA) and proanthocyanidins (PACs) from blueberry extract to avoid red blood aggregation in short-term use medical devices such as silicone catheters. We showed that PDA formed stable films on silicone surfaces and PACs could be immobilized on PDA layers using laccase as a catalyst. The PDA–PACs films decreased surface hydrophilicity, increased surface roughness, and decreased plasma protein adsorption. The films were stable in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and cell culture media. Furthermore, red blood cell adsorption and aggregation decreased. These effects are attributed to changes in the membrane fluidity that influences adhesion, the steric hindrance of the layers, and the low adsorption of plasma proteins on the PAC layer.
Highlights
The use of medical grade silicone has increased over the years, and its market value is projected to reach USD 16.04 billion by 2022, at a compound annual growth rate of6.1% between 2017 and 2022 [1]
We evaluated the effect of the coating on the agglutination of red blood cells on the surface by quantifying the number of plasma proteins and bovine serum albumin (BSA) adhering to the surface of the catheters using a BCA test [33], as well as by studying the adhesion of Red blood cells (RBC) after contact with a human blood solution for one hour and under shaking
According to the Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, peaks corresponding to the According to the FTIR spectra, peaks corresponding to the characteristic functional groups of phenolic compounds such as condensed tannins were observed in the extract spectra
Summary
The use of medical grade silicone has increased over the years, and its market value is projected to reach USD 16.04 billion by 2022, at a compound annual growth rate of6.1% between 2017 and 2022 [1]. The use of medical grade silicone has increased over the years, and its market value is projected to reach USD 16.04 billion by 2022, at a compound annual growth rate of. Blood-contact silicone-based devices present a significant challenge due to their hydrophobic nature, since they promote the adsorption of nonspecific proteins, leading to platelet adhesion and the eventual formation of thrombi, which can cause blood flow obstruction and facilitate bloodstream infections, one of the leading causes of patient death [2,3]. Thrombus formation is a common cause of failure of medical devices exposed to blood; it is believed that the rapid adsorption of plasma proteins on artificial surfaces initiates thrombus formation, as they provide continuous stimuli for platelet adhesion and activation [6,7]. The amount and conformation of adsorbed plasma proteins depend on the material’s surface properties, such as wettability, surface charge, chemistry, and topography [8]
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