Abstract
Hygromorph artificial muscles are attractive as self-powered actuators driven by moisture from the ambient environment. Previously reported hygromorph muscles have been largely limited to bending or torsional motions or as tensile actuators with low work and energy densities. Herein, we developed a hybrid yarn artificial muscle with a unique coiled and wrinkled structure, which can be actuated by either changing relative humidity or contact with water. The muscle provides a large tensile stroke (up to 78%) and a high maximum gravimetric work capacity during contraction (2.17 kJ kg−1), which is over 50 times that of the same weight human muscle and 5.5 times higher than for the same weight spider silk, which is the previous record holder for a moisture driven muscle. We demonstrate an automatic ventilation system that is operated by the tensile actuation of the hybrid muscles caused by dew condensing on the hybrid yarn. This self-powered humidity-controlled ventilation system could be adapted to automatically control the desired relative humidity of an enclosed space.
Highlights
Artificial muscles that transform input electrical, thermal, or chemical energy to the mechanical energy of tensile contraction, torsional rotation, or bending have attracted enormous interest[1,2,3,4]
Given that poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) is well known as a material that absorbs water from air, and considering that it can attached to carbon nanotube (CNT) by π –π interaction[22], we selected this material for study
hybrid yarn artificial muscle (HYAM) were fabricated by inserting twist into a carbon nanotube sheet stack containing fully hydrated infiltrated 30 wt% PDDA guest
Summary
Artificial muscles that transform input electrical, thermal, or chemical energy to the mechanical energy of tensile contraction, torsional rotation, or bending have attracted enormous interest[1,2,3,4] Natural phenomena, such as the opening of pine cones[5] and seed dispersal[6] in response to changes in humidity, have inspired the development of self-powered hygromorph artificial muscles capable of generating useful mechanical[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] and electrical energy[16,17,18,19,20]. The water-driven HYAM provides a large tensile stroke (up to 78%), a large gravimetric work capacity (2.17 kJ kg−1) and high volumetric work capacities (1.8 MJ m−3)
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