Abstract
The cross-linked hierarchical structure in biological systems provides insight into the development of innovative material structures. Specifically, the sarcoplasmic reticulum muscle is able to transmit electrical impulses in skeletal muscle due to its cross-linked hierarchical tubular cell structure. Inspired by the cross-linked tubular cell structure, we designed and built chemical cross-links between the carbon nanotubes within the carbon nanotube yarn (CNT yarn) structure by an esterification reaction. Consequently, compared with the pristine CNT yarn, its electrical conductivity dramatically enhanced 348%, from 557 S/cm to 1950 S/cm. Furthermore, when applied with three voltages, the electro-thermal temperature of esterified CNT yarn reached 261 °C, much higher than that of pristine CNT yarn (175 °C). In addition, the esterified CNT yarn exhibits a linear and stable piezo-resistive response, with a 158% enhanced gauge factor (the ratio of electrical resistance changing to strain change ~1.9). The superconductivity, flexibility, and stable sensitivity of the esterified flexible CNT yarn demonstrate its great potential in the applications of intelligent devices, smart clothing, or other advanced composites.
Highlights
The aerogel-spun CNT fiber/yarn fabricated by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) is a pure CNT assembly with a one-dimensional fiber-like structure [1]
By inheriting the characterizations of individual CNTs, CNT yarn shows a variety of advantages of high tensile strength, extraordinary structural flexibility, and outstanding corrosion/oxidation resistivity [2,3,4], which give it great potential to be applied in the field of high-performance fibers such as high strength conductive fibers, energy harvesting/storage fibers, flexible medical/bio-devices, artificial muscles, and wearable electronics, to name a few [3,5,6,7,8,9]
There are many reports on cross-linked CNT fibers; this study reports cross-linking of CNTs toward CNT
Summary
The aerogel-spun CNT fiber/yarn fabricated by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) is a pure CNT assembly with a one-dimensional fiber-like structure [1]. By inheriting the characterizations of individual CNTs, CNT yarn shows a variety of advantages of high tensile strength, extraordinary structural flexibility, and outstanding corrosion/oxidation resistivity [2,3,4], which give it great potential to be applied in the field of high-performance fibers such as high strength conductive fibers, energy harvesting/storage fibers, flexible medical/bio-devices, artificial muscles, and wearable electronics, to name a few [3,5,6,7,8,9]. The intrinsic weak Van der Waals interactions between CNTs render. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 208 a rough challenge in attaining the advantage of the individual CNT properties [11,12]. The Van der Waals forces are significantly dominated by the contact areas between the adjacent CNTs. the porous microstructure inside CNT fiber hinders the strong inter-bundle junctions and entanglements, resulting in relatively low structural stability and limited electrical conductivity
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