Bio‐fuels production through waste tires pyrolytic oil upgrading over Ni‐W/zeolite composites derived from blast furnace slag

Abstract

Waste tires is one of the solid residuals that can have serious impacts environmentally. Therefore, controlling this waste through conversion into value-added products such as bio-fuels is highly recommended. Consequently, this work reports catalytic-hydrocracking of waste tire pyrolytic oil (WTPO) to fuels over Ni-W supported on zeolite X and A. The zeolites were hydrothermally synthesized from another type of waste, namely blast furnace slag (BFS). The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The successive synthesis of zeolites A and X could be detected through observing cubic and octahedral particles via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The two prepared catalysts presented mesoporous natures with reasonable specific surface area, as acquired from nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The catalysts activity toward upgrading of WTPO was investigated under different operating conditions. Particularly, both catalysts have exhibited high activity through producing reasonable yields of gasoline (35% and 40%) and high yields of diesel (45% and 30%) by Ni-W loaded zeolite A and X, respectively. Additionally, zeolite X supported catalyst showed a higher selectivity toward catalytic HDS of WTPO than the zeolite A. The former optimum findings were collected at the following operating conditions: 80 bar, 450°C and LHSV of 1.2 h−1.