Abstract
Black rot of crucifers, (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) is the principal yield-limiting and destructive pathogen of cruciferous crop worldwide. In order to validate a bio-based control alternative for this disease, whey, lime sulfur, biofertilizer, Bordeaux mixture or raw milk were applied to kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) plants. The disease control was achieved by most of the tested products. Milk-based products (raw milk and whey) and biofertilizer reduced the severity by 44 and 56% in the field. Antioxidants, crude fibber, crude protein and lipid contents and kale yield were verified in the five treatments on the leaves with and without X. campestris pv. campestris inoculation. In the absence of the pathogen (non-inoculated), lime sulfur and Bordeaux mixture improved plant nutritional value compared to organic treatments, nevertheless milk-based products and biofertilizer improved the evaluated variables more than the control. However, on leaves inoculated with X. campestris pv. campestris raw milk increased antioxidant activity, crude protein and fiber contents, whereas biofertilizer increased kale yield, lipid and antioxidant contents. Milk-based products and biofertilizer were further evaluated in greenhouse trials to determinate the activity of defense-related enzymes and lignin content. Biofertilizer treatment resulted in increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase, catalase, peroxidase activities and lignin content. Hence, the application of milk-based products and biofertilizer are promising to control black rot of crucifers and also improves food quality by boosting nutritional values and antioxidant activity.
Highlights
The Cruciferae or Brassicaceae family is composed of approximately of 338 genera and 3,709 species worldwide[1], where the Brassica group has the greatest socio-economic impact throughout the popular vegetable crops for human food, fodder, oil seed crops, antioxidant-based diet, nutraceutical compounds for cancer, biofuels and biofumigants[2,3,4]
Biofertilizer, whey, raw milk and Bordeaux mixture reduced disease severity as compared to the control in the evaluated periods and the efficacy was dependent on the biological replicate
In relation to the positive controls, the Bordeaux mixture provided protection against black rot on both assessments, while lime sulfur and raw milk had the lowest reduction in the first experiment (Fig. 1a) and lime sulfur even increased black rot severity in the second experiment (Fig. 1b)
Summary
The Cruciferae or Brassicaceae family is composed of approximately of 338 genera and 3,709 species worldwide[1], where the Brassica group has the greatest socio-economic impact throughout the popular vegetable crops for human food, fodder, oil seed crops, antioxidant-based diet, nutraceutical compounds for cancer, biofuels and biofumigants[2,3,4]. Many plant diseases contribute to the quantitative and qualitative reduction in the kale production and decrease the plant yield and nutritional value[7]. Collards, rutabaga, turnip, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprout, radish and kale are all affected by black rot[10]. Urban and organic farmers use mainly alternative methods to control Brassica spp. diseases such as agro-waste-based products. Despite agro-waste-based products efficiency for the management of fungal diseases little is available for black rot management. Campestris and those products on the nutritional values of kale and how such products exert disease control have not been undertaken. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy of these products for the alternative control of black rot and activation of defense-related responses against the disease and evaluate variables related to nutraceutical value of kale
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
