Abstract
This study demonstrates the potential of feruloylated arabinoxylan (AX) from wheat bran for the preparation of bioactive barrier films with antioxidant properties. We have comprehensively evaluated the influence of the structural features and chemical acetylation of feruloylated AX extracted by subcritical water on their film properties, in comparison with alkaline extracted AX and a reference wheat endosperm AX. The degree of substitution (DS) of AX had a large influence on film formation, higher DS yielded better thermal and mechanical properties. The barrier properties of AX films were significantly enhanced by external plasticization by sorbitol. Chemical acetylation significantly improved the thermal stability but not the mechanical or barrier properties of the films. The presence of bound ferulic acid in feruloylated AX films resulted in higher antioxidant activity compared to external addition of free ferulic acid, which demonstrates their potential use in active packaging applications for the preservation of oxygen-sensitive foodstuff.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, large research efforts have been made to exploit by-products from agricultural crops for the development of novel bio-based materials
We initially evaluated the carbohydrate, phenolic acid composition and radical scavenging activity of the AX fractions isolated by subcritical water (FAX) and alkaline extraction (NAX) and compared to a commercially available AX from wheat endosperm (WAX) as a reference material (Table 1)
ferulic acid (FA) was determined as the predominant phenolic acid in FAX (79.0 %), whereas no phenolic acids were detected in NAX and wheat endosperm arabinoxylan (WAX), confirming the preservation of FA by subcritical water extraction (SWE)
Summary
Over the past few decades, large research efforts have been made to exploit by-products from agricultural crops for the development of novel bio-based materials. Wheat bran represents an illustrative example of such by-products as it is generated in large volumes. Wheat bran AXs can be decorated by phenolic acids, essentially by ferulic acid (FA) at the arabinose residues (Kim, Tsao, Yang, & Cui, 2006; Ruthes et al, 2017). This feruloylation confers functional and bioactive properties to wheat bran AXs, such as antiox idant potency. Wheat bran AXs are typically extracted by acidic or alkaline solvents, which can disrupt the covalent and non-covalent bonds between the cell wall components and enable obtaining AXs with high yields (Zhang, Smith, & Li, 2014). A high portion of AXs can be extracted from the cell wall using subcritical water extraction (SWE), which maintains the polymeric structure of the AXs and more importantly, preserves their functional phenolic acids, unlike alkaline extraction (Ruthes et al, 2017)
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