Bio-Availability, Anticancer Potential, and Chemical Data of Lycopene: An Overview and Technological Prospecting.

Adriany Das Graças Nascimento Amorim,Jessica Souza,José Roberto De Souza De Almeida Leite,Beatriz Gullón,Manuela Pintado,Ana Oliveira,Andreanne Gomes Vasconcelos

doi:10.3390/antiox11020360

Abstract

The purpose of this review was to collect relevant chemical data about lycopene and its isomers, which can be extracted using different non-polar or polar aprotic solvents by SC-CO2 or biosynthesis as a friendly technique. Lycopene and other carotenoids can be identified and quantified by UV–Vis and HPLC using a C18 or C30 column, while their characterization is possible by UV–Vis, Fluorescence, FTIR, MS, NMR, and DSC assays. Among these techniques, the last four can compare lycopene isomers and identify cis or all-trans-lycopene. FTIR, MS, and NMR techniques are more suitable for the verification of the purity of lycopene extracts due to the signal complexity generated for each isomer, which enables identification by subtle differences. Additionally, some biological activities of lycopene isolated from red vegetables have already been confirmed, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, probably by activating several pathways. The encapsulation of lycopene in nanoparticles demonstrated an improvement in oral delivery, and ex vivo assessments determined that these nanoparticles had better permeation and low cytotoxicity against human cells with enhanced permeation. These data suggest that lycopene has the potential to be applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in cosmetic products.

Highlights

Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, UDF, Brasília 70390-045, DF, Brazil
Several types of cis-lycopene can be separated, identified, and quantified by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analytical techniques such as UV–Vis, Fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Mass spectrometry (MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) can be used for lycopene characterization by comparing it with standards previously established
Extracted, purified, and nanostructured lycopene had good antioxidant activity confirmed by ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays

Summary

Introduction

Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, UDF, Brasília 70390-045, DF, Brazil. Lycopene and other carotenoids can be identified and quantified by UV–Vis and HPLC using a C18 or C30 column, while their characterization is possible by UV–Vis, Fluorescence, FTIR, MS, NMR, and DSC assays. The encapsulation of lycopene in nanoparticles demonstrated an improvement in oral delivery, and ex vivo assessments determined that these nanoparticles had better permeation and low cytotoxicity against human cells with enhanced permeation. These data suggest that lycopene has the potential to be applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in cosmetic products. The literature has not determined the cause–effect relationship and how the consumption of lycopene-rich food decreases cancer risk [3,4,5,6]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion