Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to design functional biomaterials and evaluate performance of nano-diamond: chitosan based bio-active containing PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) materials towards application in treatment and prevention of denture stomatitis and associated conditions in denture wearers. Methods: The bio-active nano-diamond modified PMMA were prepared by dispersion of the corresponding component in glycerol and acetic acid with the addition of chitosan gelling agent. The release behaviors at physiological pH and also under acidic conditions and stability of the antioxidant-chitosan-nano-diamond were also evaluated. Mechanical performance such as tensile strength and compressive strength were measured as well bio-adhesive studies were investigated in order to assess the suitability of these designer materials. Results: The bio-active nano-diamond modified PMMA materials showed a high adhesive force and they only swelled slightly in the aqueous medium. Bioactive release suggested prolonged release of the therapeutic agent from the hydrogels. The hydrogels also had significant free radical defense capability. Conclusion: In this study we demonstrated that the newly prepared bio-active modified PMMA resins are suitable novel bio-active materials capable of comparable performance with the conventional PMMA materials with additional benefit of therapeutic bioactive release as well as potential antimicrobial properties to be demonstrated in vitro. Our findings might be thus a step forward towards the development of alternative non antibiotic based strategies targeting bacterial infections.
Highlights
The initial interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host cells is one of the critical steps leading to host colonization [1]
SEM observations of nano-diamond PMMA-based samples revealed a smooth surface with the formation of the valleys and crests, which could be attributed to the presence of some aqueous medium in the preparation of modified materials
Upon incorporation of nano-diamondchitosan-bio-active combination (10% w/w) into the PMMA material the compressive strength of the new bioactive material was significantly increased in comparison to the standard PMMA material
Summary
The initial interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host cells is one of the critical steps leading to host colonization [1] These first adhesion events allow host-pathogen recognition and prevent bacteria from being washed out by the host and are generally mediated by species proteins called adhesins. C. albicans binds various bacterial species, participating in polymicrobial interactions in the normally healthy host [2]. One of these is the oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii [3]. Nano-diamond particles (NDs) are emerging as wellsuited for biological applications due to their biocompatibility [5,6,7,8,9,10] It is because of this feature that diamond nanoparticles should be explored for anti-bacterial applications. While nano-diamond conjugates have shown their interest for the detection and removal of bacteria in solution, their potential for the efficient inhibition of Alsmediated binding phenomena has not been fully explored [11]
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