Abstract
Binuclear complexes of the type [Ru2(N–N)4(TBPhen2)]4+, where N–N=2,2’-bipyridine (bpy) (1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (2), dipyrido[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]phenazine (dppz) (3) and (TBPhen2)=bis-phenanthroline Tröger’s Base analogue, have been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, IR, UV–Vis, elemental analysis, ESI-Mass spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The DNA binding characteristics of the complexes have been investigated by absorbance, steady-state emission, thermal melting and viscosity measurements. Photophysical studies reveal that [Ru2(TBPhen2)(dppz)4]4+ interacts with calf thymus DNA with an intrinsic binding constant of (8.75±1.11×106M−1). DNA cleavage studies of complexes 1–3 have been investigated using gel electrophoresis. The cytotoxicity of all the complexes against the HeLa cell line was evaluated by MTT assay and the status of mitochondria by real time living cell microscopy indicates apoptosis induction by complexes 1 and 2, further corroborated by a fluorescence microscopy–TUNEL assay.
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