Binocular amblyopia treatment improves manual dexterity

Abstract

To determine whether deficits in manual dexterity in children with amblyopia improve after binocular amblyopia treatment and whether improvements are related to age at treatment, baseline sensory status, or amount of improvement in sensory status with treatment. Manual dexterity (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2), visual acuity, fusion, suppression, and stereoacuity were measured at baseline and after 4-8 weeks of binocular amblyopia in 134 children with amblyopia, including 75 children in the "younger group" (aged 3 to <7 years) and 59 in the "older group" (aged 7-10 years), and in 40 age-similar control children. Baseline manual dexterity standard scores of amblyopic children were significantly below those of controls in both the younger (8.81 ± 0.33 vs 11.80 ± 0.60 [P < 0.0001]) and older groups (7.19 ± 0.34 vs 9.75 ± 0.57 [P = 0.00013]). After 4-8 weeks of binocular amblyopia treatment, the younger group standard score improved to 9.85 ± 0.35 and the older group improved to 8.08 ± 0.39, but both groups remained significantly lower than controls (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, resp.). Improvement in manual dexterity standard score was not associated with any baseline factors but was weakly correlated with the amount of visual acuity improvement (rs = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09-0.41) CONCLUSIONS: Manual dexterity impairments are common among children with amblyopia. In our study cohort, binocular amblyopia treatment improved visual acuity and manual dexterity.