Binge Drinking of Ethanol during Adolescence Induces Oxidative Damage and Morphological Changes in Salivary Glands of Female Rats.

Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes,Rafael Rodrigues Lima,Paulo Mecenas Alves De Farias-Junior,Ricardo Sousa De Oliveira Paraense,Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes,Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia,Sergio Melo Alves-Junior,Francisco Bruno Teixeira,João De Jesus Viana Pinheiro,Maria Elena Crespo-López

doi:10.1155/2016/7323627

Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes, Rafael Rodrigues Lima + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7323627

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Abstract

This study investigates morphological and biochemistry effects of binge ethanol consumption in parotid (PG) and submandibular (SG) salivary glands of rats from adolescence to adulthood. Female Wistar rats (n = 26) received ethanol at 3 g/kg/day (20% w/v) for 3 consecutive days/week from the 35th until the 62nd day of life. Animals were treated in two periods: 1 week (G1) and 4 weeks (G2), with a control (treated with distilled water) and an ethanol group to each period. In morphological analysis, morphometric and immunohistochemistry evaluation for smooth muscle actin (αSMA), cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), and vimentin (VIM) were made. Biochemical changes were analyzed by concentration of nitrites and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). The difference between groups in each analysis was evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test or Student's t-test (p ≤ 0.05). PG showed, at one week of ethanol exposure, lower CK-18 and α-SMA expression, as well as MDA levels. After four weeks, lower CK-18 and higher MDA levels were observed in PG exposed to ethanol, in comparison to control group. SG showed lower α-SMA expression after 1 and 4 weeks of ethanol exposure as well as higher MDA levels after 1 week. Ethanol binge consumption during adolescence promotes tissue and biochemical changes with only one-week binge in acinar and myoepithelial PG cells.

Highlights

According to World Health Organization (WHO), individuals over 15 years of age consume on average 6.2 liters of pure alcohol per year, which translates into 13.5 g of pure alcohol a day
The effects of an episodic binge drinking model of consumption of ethanol in salivary glands were investigated in female rats considering two different periods, one and four weeks of exposure
For the first time, that a single episode of ethanol binge drinking can affect the parenchyma of the parotid gland, reduce myoepithelial cells, and increase the levels of MDA in the parotid and submandibular glands

Summary

Introduction

According to World Health Organization (WHO), individuals over 15 years of age consume on average 6.2 liters of pure alcohol per year, which translates into 13.5 g of pure alcohol a day. America and Europe are regions shown as consuming above average. In 2012, 5.9% of global mortality was associated with alcohol use [1] In this context, there are an increased potential and intense consumption of ethanol (EtOH) in women, especially in regions such as the United States [2], Brazil [3], and western Europe [4, 5]. There are an increased potential and intense consumption of ethanol (EtOH) in women, especially in regions such as the United States [2], Brazil [3], and western Europe [4, 5] This type of alcohol intake is often seen in younger women. In many cases, during adolescence, the easy access and lack of legal consequences may categorize this substance as one of the most commonly used drugs within this age group [6]

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