Abstract
Monometallic Pd- and bimetallic PtPd-nanoparticles supported on a mesoporous magnetic magnetite@silica matrix resembling a core–shell structure (Fe3O4@mSiO2) have been fabricated. The material was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The catalysts were applied in the removal of anthracene from liquid phase via catalytic hydrogenation. It was found that anthracene as a model compound could be completely converted into the partially hydrogenated species by the monometallic and bimetallic solids. However, during the recycling study the bimetallic material (Fe3O4@mSiO2PtPd-) showed an enhanced activity towards anthracene removal compared with the monometallic materials. A single portion of the PtPd-based catalyst can be used up to 11 times in the hydrogenation of anthracene under mild conditions (6 atm of H2, 75 °C, 20 min). Thanks to the presence of a dense magnetic core, the catalysts were capable of responding to an applied external magnetic field and once the reaction was completed, catalyst/product separation was straightforward.
Highlights
PAHs constitute a large class of white or pale-yellow organic contaminants composed of multiple fused aromatic rings
The material was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
The catalysts were applied in the removal of anthracene from liquid phase via catalytic hydrogenation
Summary
PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) constitute a large class of white or pale-yellow organic contaminants composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. These contaminants are known to have a low solubility in water and a high lipophilicity which provides these contaminants a reasonable solubility in most organic compounds. PAHs are found in the air, oil and groundwater and are considered contaminants even in low concentrations (Yuan and Marshall 2005; Nador et al 2010; Liao et al 2011). Many different remediation technologies such as bioremediation, adsorption, and catalytic processes have been applied to either remove or chemically convert polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into less toxic compounds. Adsorption processes have been largely used to remove organic contaminants
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