Abstract
In recent years, the use of digital twins (DT) to improve maintenance procedures has increased in various industrial sectors (e.g., manufacturing, energy industry, aerospace) but is more limited in the construction industry. However, the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase of a building’s life cycle is the most expensive. Smart buildings already use BIM (Building Information Modeling) for facility management, but they lack the predictive capabilities of DT. On the other hand, the use of extended reality (XR) technologies to improve maintenance operations has been a major topic of academic research in recent years, both through data display and remote collaboration. In this context, this paper focuses on reviewing projects using a combination of these technologies to improve maintenance operations in smart buildings. This review uses a combination of at least three of the terms “Digital Twin”, “Maintenance”, “BIM” and “Extended Reality”. Results show how a BIM can be used to create a DT and how this DT use combined with XR technologies can improve maintenance operations in a smart building. This paper also highlights the challenges for the correct implementation of a BIM-based DT combined with XR devices. An example of use is also proposed using a diagram of the possible interactions between the user, the DT and the application framework during maintenance operations.
Highlights
Introduced in 2011 at Hannover Messe [1], Industry 4.0 (I4.0) define the new Industrial Revolution
Some authors have decided to use the predictive capabilities offered by the Digital Twins (DT) to improve proactive maintenance operations, which are the ones that are carried out to avoid the occurrence of a fault
Future Usage: DT Interaction and Enhanced Maintenance Operations. In their proposed interaction framework based on XR technologies in DT, Ke et al [75] have proposed a scheme to show the difference in interaction performance between VR, AR and MR
Summary
Introduced in 2011 at Hannover Messe [1], Industry 4.0 (I4.0) define the new Industrial Revolution. Many research projects have been conducted using I4.0 tools to improve maintenance operations, such as BIM (Building Information Modeling), digital twin and XR devices. These different observations allow us to establish our own definition of what a true DT should be: A Digital Twin is a multi-scale representation of a whole consisting of a potential or existing system (physical product, user and activity) in the real environment, its virtual reflection in the digital space and the processes of automated exchange of data and information in real-time and using simulation algorithms and historical data or that collected from smart sensors to predict the system’s future state or its response to a given situation. BIM mainly used in early stages of the lifecycle Simulations/Predictions of building lifecycle
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