BIM2RT: BWAS-immune mechanism based multipath reliable transmission with fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Abstract Transmission reliability is one of the most important metrics to evaluate the performance of wireless sensor networks. However, fault nodes or links always affect transmission reliability and comprehensive performance of network due to the characteristics of network itself and working scenario. Intelligent computing, BWAS (Best Worst Ant System) and immune mechanism, provide new ideas and methods to the collaborative optimization in reliable transmission in wireless sensor networks. BWAS-Immune Mechanism based Multipath Reliable Transmission algorithm (BIM 2 RT) with fault tolerance is presented which includes BWAS based Multipath Established algorithm (BME) and Immune based Multipath Transmission algorithm (IMT). BME establishes all possible transmission paths from the source node to the destination node quickly by the guidance of pheromone information generated by artificial ants. These multipaths are the input and constitute the initial variation population for the next IMT which executes the mutation on the initial variation antibody population. IMT establishes optimum transmission paths with good convergence due to initial optimal solution by BME and avoids to get local optima. It converts the issue of multipath establishment into multi-objective optimization which not only gives the consideration to the factors of transmission delay and energy consumption but also the hops/distance. Combining with load balance mechanism, fault tolerance of multipath transmission is proved by the redundant routing and transmission. Mathematical model is established to analyze the comprehensive performance of multipath transmission through the metrics of data receiving rate, efficiency of energy consumption and transmission delay. Simulation result shows good performance of data transmission reliability and fault tolerance.