Abstract
The information and communication technologies (ICTs) utilization ratio in the construction industry is relatively low. This industry is characterized by low productivity, time and cost overruns in projectsdue to inefficient management processes, poor communication and low process automation. To improve construction performance, a BIM-based (BIM - (Building Information Modelling) and augmented reality (AR) application (referred to as the AR4C: Augmented Reality for Construction) is proposed, which integrates a location-based management system (LBMS). The application provides context-specific information on construction projects and tasks, as well as key performance indicators on the progress and performance of construction tasks. The construction projects are superimposed onto the real world, while a site manager is walking through the construction site. This paper describes the most important methods and technologies, which are needed to develop the AR4C application. In particular, the data exchange between BIM software and the Unity environment is discussed, as well as the integration of LBMS into BIM software and the AR4C application. Finally, the implemented and planned functionalities are argued. The AR4C application prototype was tested in a laboratory environment and produced positive feedback. Since the application addresses construction sites, a validation in semi-real scenarios with end users is recommended.
Highlights
McKinsey claims [1] that the construction sector creates 13% of the world’s GDP (Gross DomesticProduct), but its labor-productivity grew approx. 1% over two decades, compared with 2.8% growth for the total economy, and 3.6% for manufacturing
The AR4C application is under development and currently has reached maturity at level 4, according to the technology readiness level (TRL) scale
This research paper described methodologies and enabled technologies, as well as implemented and planned functionalities of a building information modeling (BIM)-based augmented reality (AR) application combined with a location-based management system, referred to as the AR4C
Summary
McKinsey claims [1] that the construction sector creates 13% of the world’s GDP (Gross DomesticProduct), but its labor-productivity grew approx. 1% over two decades, compared with 2.8% growth for the total economy, and 3.6% for manufacturing. 1% over two decades, compared with 2.8% growth for the total economy, and 3.6% for manufacturing This means that over these years the construction industry could increase its value by $1.6 trillion a year, if its productivity were to catch up with the total economy. The construction industry is a project-based industry characterized by heterogeneity, extreme complexity, a fragmented supply chain and variability of trade performance. These particularities cause poor productivity, which is a big issue. Katre and Ghaitidak [4] assessed factors influencing time and cost overruns of construction projects and classified a low productivity of labor as one of the critical factors. Hussin et al [5] reported that 70% of construction projects are Buildings 2019, 9, 118; doi:10.3390/buildings9050118 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings
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