Bilinguism In Works Of Russian Writers On The Example Of "Haji Murat"

Abstract

Bilingual artistic creation is one of the most pressing problems in modern literary criticism. Artistic bilingualism as a fact of literary creation is not a new phenomenon in world literature. This outstanding phenomenon has deep historical roots. Its origin can be traced back to antiquity. Forms of literary and artistic bilingualism arise from the individual characteristics of a bilingual writer and are the product of the socio-historical conditions. The development of the North Caucasus became such conditions for the emergence of bilingualism in Russia. Leo Tolstoy's appeal to foreign language vocabulary in the story "Hadji Murad" is a way of reconstructing national reality, customs, everyday life, family and social relations. The article also attempts to trace how the use of elements of local literature and ethnographic material helps to create images of highlanders. The conditions for the use of folk vocabulary and phraseology are important for understanding the essence of the characters of the heroes, and the elements of bilingualism are manifested not only in dialogues, but also in the narrative speech. The reasons for the emergence of artistic bilingualism in the works Tolstoy are determined, its features and specificity of use are revealed, and attention is paid to how the languages and their dialects the writer used contribute to an increase in the effect of accuracy in transmission of historical information. Moreover, such a synthesis of national and native Russian language allows the writer to truthfully outline the characters and reveal the images of the highlanders.