Bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 model in the Haldane and dimerized phases

Abstract

We study the low-lying spectrum of the bilinear-biquadratic Heisenberg model in the dimerized and Haldane phases using a tensor renormalization method. At the critical point $\ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}/4$, the finite-size spectrum predicted by the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model can only partly be confirmed. We find a singlet-singlet gap which does not fit into the WZW systematics. The results obtained are compared to Bethe ansatz, exact diagonalization, and density-matrix renormalization group calculations for specific parameters.