Bilinear representation, bilinear Bäcklund transformation, Lax pair and analytical solutions for the fourth-order potential Ito equation describing water waves via Bell polynomials

Abstract

This paper focuses on the fourth-order nonlinear potential Ito equation, which describes wave patterns in shallow waters. To reveal the integrable characteristics of the considered equation, such as bilinear BT and Lax pair, the Bell polynomials method is used. By employing this technique, the bilinear representation in the form of classical Hirota operators is derived. Moreover, with the help of bilinear form, the bilinear Bäcklund transformation and the Lax pair of the considered equation are obtained successfully. The three wave method in the form of test function is adopted to generate the analytical solutions of the considered equation. By applying this approach, ten analytical solutions are obtained successfully. For each of the obtained solutions, a 3D graph has been plotted by varying free parametric values. These graphs show the different kinds of wave behaviour, including kink-soliton, anti-kink soliton, periodic wave, dark-soliton, bright-soliton, and some complex kink and periodic-type wave solutions.