Biliary cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

Abstract

The crude incidence of gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary cancer (ICD-10: C23–C24) in the European Union is ∼3.2 and ∼5.4/100 000 per year for males and females, respectively. Age-adjusted mortality is 1.4 and 1.9/100 000 for males and females, respectively. The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICD-10: C22.1) is increasing and may be estimated as ∼0.9–1.3 and 0.4–0.7/100 000 for males and females, respectively, as 10%–15% of primary liver cancer (ICD-10: C22). In high-risk areas in Europe (south Italy) incidence is estimated at up to ∼4.9–7.4 and ∼2.9–4.3/100 000 for males and females, respectively, and worldwide, e.g.