Abstract
Derived from a hollow TiO2 nanoparticle (HNP) as underlayer and a TiO2 spindle (SP) as light scattering overlayer, a new bilayer single-crystalline photoanode (HNP/SP) is fabricated for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. The prepared bilayer TiO2 photoanode and two comparative HNP/HNP and SP/SP ones are fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. An overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of 8.65% has been achieved for HNP/SP DSSC, which is 25% higher than that of HNP/HNP DSSC, and also far superior to that of SP/SP or conventional P25 DSSC. The improved photovoltaic performance of HNP/SP DSSC is attributed to the synergic effects, i.e. the single-crystalline bilayer structure favoring for rapid interfacial electron transport, the relatively large specific surface area of HNP for effective dye adsorption, and the 1D geometry of single-crystalline TiO2 spindles for direct electron transport pathway and strong light scattering effect.
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