Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate spatial interdependence in bilateral trade activities of Tuna commodities in the ASEAN+2 countries and compare the gravity panel model and hybrid model in explaining the bilateral trade. The gravity panel model estimated the conservative “pushing and pulling the flows” factors, whereas the hybrid model was used to perfect the gravity panel model in capturing the relevance of spatial interdependence. Results showed the presence of spatial interdependence in the bilateral trades among ASEAN+2 countries for Tuna commodities. Through the hybrid model, the third-country effect was found to originate from three spatial lag of independent variables.
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