Abstract
Healthy youth is an asset and strength for economic and social growth of any society. Developmental changes during puberty of youngsters need proper guidance to avoid future physical, physiological and psychological ailments. Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT) is a health problem if remains unnoticed till adolescence can lead to tribulations. BRT may affect testicular parenchyma and spermatogenesis. Cremasteric muscles (muscles attached with testes) pull the testes up into groin so it randomly moves up and down and do not reside in its natural pouch always. It has been a controversial issue in male infertility as retraction may affect infertility. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of male infertility among patients with Bilateral Retractile Testis. Methodology: A total of 200 male patients were enrolled after the power calculation, with different reproductive health problems between the age of 18 - 40 years during the year 2016 at Reproductive health clinic Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. 25 male patients were reported with infertility and BRT. The data was collected using self-developed questionnaire including outdoor patients’ physical check-up, manual testicular examination as size and shape were done. Patient height, weight, blood pressure, their lifestyle, and dressing regarding wearing tight jeans habits were asked. Semen analysis was carried out showing abnormality in sperm count, motility or morphology and entered and analysed in the SPSS version 10. Means and percentages were calculated. Result: Out of 200 male infertile patients, a total of 25 (12.5%) patients with a diagnosis of BRT were found in the sample with the mean age of 29 years. Moreover, it was identified that those having BRT also have low motility of the sperms. Based on the results it was concluded that BRT is a possible cause of male infertility in Pakistani population. Conclusion: BRT is a possible risk factor to affect sperm motility and low sperm motility can lead to male infertility. The study estimates the prevalence of 12.5% among our sampled men.
Highlights
Reproductive health is defined as a state of physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life [1]
A total of 200 male patients were enrolled after the power calculation, with different reproductive health problems between the age of 18 - 40 years during the year 2016 at Reproductive health clinic Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. 25 male patients were reported with infertility and Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT)
The proportion of infertility among patients coming from Punjab (33.7%), NWFP (27.4%) and Karachi city (21.9%) were found to be higher as compared to patients from Sind (10.05), Afghanistan (2.28%), Baluchistan (2.28%) and northern areas of Pakistan (1.37%)
Summary
Reproductive health is defined as a state of physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life [1]. Improving the sexual and reproductive health of young people is a global priority [2]. Reproductive health problems have silent sporadic growth in our society due to poverty and illiteracy. Unawareness of pubertal developmental changes can lead a youngster towards physical, physiological and psychological ailments [3]. Discussions about reproductive health problems are a dilemma. One emerging reproductive health problem is Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT) [4] which is a minor, resolved problem even in childhood in developed countries whereas a major, unresolved issue in our society. Parents either ignore or misunderstand pendulous like testicular retraction which affects sperm motility [5]
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