Abstract
Introduction: Bilateral hydronephrosis is the enlargement of the parts of the kidney that collect urine. Bilateral means both sides. Bilateral hydronephrosis occurs when urine is unable to drain from the kidney into the bladder. Hydronephrosis is not itself a disease. It occurs as a result of a problem that prevents urine from draining out of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. VUR grade 3 is similar to grade 2 where urine travels up the ureter and enters the part of the kidney where urine is collected before it drains to the ureter (renal pelvis). However, in grade 3 the ureters and renal pelvis appear abnormal in size or shape.
 Case Presentation: A 3 Years old female child is a known case of bilateral vesicoureteric reflex with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with the developmental delay with sickle cell anemia came to the hospital for further management. As narrated by mother-child was apparently alright till 6 months of age after the child developed excessive passing of urine and in increased more times.
 Conclusion: After taking treatment for the bilateral vesicoureteric reflex with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis patient was hemodynamically stable hence the patient is being discharged.
Highlights
Bilateral hydronephrosis is the enlargement of the parts of the kidney that collect urine
Hydronephrosis is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine
The gradual onset of hydronephrosis is characterized by dull pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen due to the gradual distension of the bladder
Summary
Hydronephrosis is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction. Constant obstruction in the flow of urine results in hypertension, sepsis, urinary tract infection, haematuria and renal failure.[1] The hydronephrotic kidney is a frequent clinical condition, but hydroureteronephrosis with an enlarged trabeculated bladder is an uncommon entity in the adult population. This develops secondary to vesicourethral junction obstruction, bladder carcinoma, prostatic hypertrophy/cancer, urethral strictures and neurogenic bladder. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to one or both ureters and sometimes to the kidneys. With VUR, some urine will flow back up or reflux through one or both ureters and may reach the kidneys [4]
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