Bignoniaceae in the Raso da Catarina Ecoregion, Bahia, Brazil

Luiza Regina Silva,Milene Maria da Silva-Castro,Adilva de Souza Conceição

doi:10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0466

Luiza Regina Silva, Milene Maria da Silva-Castro

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0466

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Abstract

Abstract: This work presents a floristic survey of the family Bignoniaceae in the Raso da Catarina Ecoregion, Bahia, Brazil, considered as the main family of the Brazilian forests lianas. The samples analyzed were collected from September 2012 to May 2014. The analyses were supplemented with botanical collections kept in the herbaria: ALCB, HRB, HUEFS, IPA and PEUFR. The identifications were made based mainly on specialized bibliographies, protologues, photos of type collections and consulting of the collections in the herbaria that were visited. 11 genera and 20 species of the family were recorded. Fridericia Mart. and Handroanthus Mattos were the most representative genera (5spp.), followed by Jacaranda Juss (2spp.). The other genera presented only one species each. The most representative species in the area were: Anemopaegma laeve DC., Fridericia erubescens (DC.) L.G.Lohmann, Jacaranda jasminoides (Thunb.) Sandwith. and Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook f. ex Moore. Among the species registered one is new record for the Caatinga biome, ten are endemic to Brazil and three exclusive of the Caatinga. The taxonomic treatment includes a key for the identification, descriptions, illustrations, photos, data of the geographical distribution, economic potential and reproductive phenology and comments about the species.

Highlights

Bignoniaceae with 827 species allocated in 82 genera (Lohmann & Ulloa 2007), has a predominantly Neotropical distribution with its center of diversity in Brazil (Gentry 1980)
The species occur in a variety of environments, from open savannas to humid and perennial forests, and represent the main family of lianas in Brazilian forests (Silva & Queiroz 2003), where 413 species and 33 genera are recorded (Lohmann 2015)
After studies involving tribal and intergeneric delimitations, seven clades can be recognized for the family: Bignonieae, Catalpeae, Oroxyleae, Tecomeae, Tourrettieae, Jacarandeae and Crescentiina. This last group is inserted the clade informally denominated of Tabebuia Alliance, a Neotropical lineage formed by the tribe Crescentieae and by genera segregated from the tribe Tecomeae (Grose & Olmstead 2007, Olmstead et al 2009)

Summary

Introduction

Bignoniaceae with 827 species allocated in 82 genera (Lohmann & Ulloa 2007), has a predominantly Neotropical distribution with its center of diversity in Brazil (Gentry 1980). After studies involving tribal and intergeneric delimitations, seven clades can be recognized for the family: Bignonieae, Catalpeae, Oroxyleae, Tecomeae, Tourrettieae, Jacarandeae and Crescentiina This last group is inserted the clade informally denominated of Tabebuia Alliance, a Neotropical lineage formed by the tribe Crescentieae and by genera segregated from the tribe Tecomeae (Grose & Olmstead 2007, Olmstead et al 2009). Among these groups, we highlight Bignonieae as the largest tribe of Bignoniaceae, and which underwent taxonomic rearrangements after molecular phylogenetic studies resulting in the proposal of synonyms, new combinations and recircumscriptions of genera. The tribe constitutes a monophyletic lineage strongly supported by molecular and morphological data (Spangler & Olmstead 1999, Olmstead et al 2009)

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