Abstract
Li-Cycle and Glencore are considering a joint venture that would turn Glencore’s smelting facility in Sardinia, Italy, into Europe’s largest battery recycling plant. The companies hope to collect used lithium-ion batteries at sites Li-Cycle is building in Europe. Those facilities will shred the batteries into black mass, a mixture of cathode and anode materials. The facility in Italy would extract lithium, nickel, and cobalt chemicals from the black mass. The extracted lithium would be upgraded into lithium carbonate for producing new batteries. The companies hope the plant will process 50,000 to 70,000 metric tons (t) of black mass per year. They aim to open it in 2026, pending the results of a feasibility study. In March, the US Department of Energy conditionally committed to loan Li-Cycle $375 million to finance a similar facility in Rochester, New York, expected to process 35,000 t per year of black mass. Glencore plans to
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