Abstract
Completed in 2011, the Willamette River Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Tunnel Program, in Portland, Oregon, has vastly reduced overflows while improving the water quality of the river. As the second of the two major projects in the undertaking referred to locally as the Big Pipe, the recently completed 5.5 mi long East Side CSO Tunnel featured one of the first uses of a slurry mix–shield tunnel-boring machine in North America and the continent’s longest microtunneling drive ever.
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