Bifunctional Platinum(II) Complexes with Bisphosphonates Substituted Diamine Derivatives: Synthesis and In vitro Cytotoxicity

Abstract

A series of N,N'-dibisphosphonate-containing 1,3-propanediamine derivatives (L1 - L6) and their corresponding dichloridoplatinum(II) complexes (1 - 6) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, 31 P-NMR and HR-MS spectra. The in vitro antitumor activities of compounds L1 - L6 and 1 - 6 were tested by WST-8 assay with Cell Counting Kit-8, indicating that platinum-based complexes 1 - 6 showed higher cytotoxicity than corresponding ligands L1 - L6 against A549 and MG-63, especially complex 2 which displayed comparable cytotoxicity to those of cisplatin and zoledronate after 48 h incubation. In addition, complexes 1 - 6 were more active in vitro on osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 than normal osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19. The structure-activity relationship has been summarized based on the in vitro cytotoxicity of three series of platinum complexes from this and our previous studies. The in vitro bone affinity of platinum complexes was also tested by hydroxyapatite (HAP) chromatography in terms of capacity factor K'. Besides, in this paper, representative complex 2, which has been proved to be a promising antitumor agent with high cytotoxicity and bone HAP binding property, was investigated for its mechanism of action producing cell death against MG-63.