Abstract
Infectious gastroenteritis caused by non-typhoidal serovars of Salmonella is usually self-limiting but life-threatening complications may require appropriate antibiotic therapies. Probiotics have evolved as potential alternatives to antibiotics in response to an increasing prevalence of resistant strains, but there are no studies comparing the effectiveness of both treatment strategies on the same intestinal microbiota. We used an in vitro intestinal fermentation system with immobilized fecal microbiota to model enteric Salmonella infection in children. The effects of antibiotics, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid at two dosages, and a probiotic candidate, Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67, on Salmonella counts, intestinal microbiota composition, and metabolic activity were compared. Antibiotic therapy, in agreement with current clinical reports, produced only a transient decrease of Salmonella concentrations but strongly modified bacterial population profiles and metabolic activity, confirming the suitability of the model. B. thermophilum RBL67 grew in the intestinal environment and exerted a strong inhibition on Salmonella when added before or after infection and was able to rebalance the metabolic activity of gut microbiota after antibiotic treatments. Our study revealed a high potential of B. thermophilum RBL67 for prevention and treatment of Salmonella infection. The exact mechanism has to be further elucidated.
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