Abstract
Immunosenescence comprises a set of dynamic changes occurring in innate and adaptive immune systems, and macrophage aging plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunosenescence. However, function and polarization changes in aging macrophages have not been fully evaluated, and no effective method for delaying macrophage senescence is currently available. The results of this study reveal that D-galactose (D-gal) can promote J774A.1 macrophage senescence and induce macrophage M1 polarization differentiation. Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 can significantly inhibit J774A.1 macrophage senescence induced by D-gal. IL-6 and IL-12 levels in the BB-12 groups remarkably decreased compared with that in the D-gal group, and the M2 marker, IL-10, and Arg-1 mRNA levels increased in the BB-12 group. BB-12 inhibited the expression of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and promoted p-STAT6 expression. In summary, the present study indicates that BB-12 can attenuate the J774A.1 macrophage senescence and induce M2 macrophage polarization, thereby indicating the potential of BB-12 to slow down immunosenescence and inflamm-aging.
Highlights
As we age, changes in essentially all physiological functions, including immunity, become apparent [1]
BB-12 was incubated in bacteria culture medium (MRS) broth (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) supplemented with 5% (W/V) galactose in the anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 24 h, followed by dilution in the MRS broth and incubation to reach the exponential phase with the density of 0.5 at an optical density (OD) of 600 nm
SA-βgal staining was used to observe the effect of D-gal on J774A.1 macrophage senescence
Summary
Changes in essentially all physiological functions, including immunity, become apparent [1]. The present study showed that macrophages experience changes due to aging and have an immense influence on immunosenescence [5]. Downregulated p16 (an aging promoting factor) can significantly delay macrophage aging and upregulate Arg-1 [7], MRC1, and AMAC1 expression levels [8]. These results indicated that macrophages undergo changes due to aging, and functional change in aging macrophages may be an important constituent part of immunosenescence and inflamm-aging. Our group [9, 10] and another research group [11] have found that D-gal is a favor-
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