Abstract
BackgroundPathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be through different factors and there is a relationship between the gut flora and the risk of its development. Probiotics can manipulate the microflora in chronic inflammation and may be effective in treating inflammation. Bifidobacterium are saccharolytic and their growth in the gut can be promoted by non-absorbable carbohydrates and its increase in the colon appears to be of benefit.MethodsOligofructose and inulin (OFI) alone and the two B. infantis DSM 15158 and DSM 15159 with and without OFI, were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days prior to colitis induction and administrations continued for another 7 days with the DSS. Colitis severity assessed using a Disease Activity Index. Samples were collected 7 days after colitis induction, for intestinal bacterial flora, bacterial translocation, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and TGF-β) and malondialdehyde (MDA).ResultsOFI alone or the B. infantis strains with and without OFI improved significantly the DAI and decreased colonic MPO activity. Colonic tissue IL-1β decreased significantly in all treated groups except B. infantis DSM 15158. MDA decreased significantly in B. infantis DSM 15159 with and without OFI compared to colitis control. Succinic acid increased significantly in OFI group with and without DSM 15159 compared to all groups. Sum values of propionic, succinic acid and butyric acid increased significantly in all groups compare to the colitis control. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes decreased significantly in all groups compared to colitis control. Translocation to the liver decreased significantly in all groups compare to the colitis control and OFI + B. infantis DSM 15158 groups.ConclusionAdministrations of OFI and Bifidobacterium improve DSS-induced acute colitis and have an anti-inflammatory effect. Major differences in effect were observed between the two B. infantis strains as indicated in MDA and succinic acid concentration as well as bacterial translocation rate in synbiotic combinations.
Highlights
Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be through different factors and there is a relationship between the gut flora and the risk of its development
Cytokines Colonic tissue IL-1β decreased significantly in all treated groups except B. infantis DSM 15158 (Figure 3), while levels of TGF-β and IL-10 were maintained in all groups without significant difference
Lipid peroxidation MDA decreased significantly in the B. infantis DSM 15159 groups with and without oligofructose and inulin (OFI) compared to colitis control (Figure 4)
Summary
Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to be through different factors and there is a relationship between the gut flora and the risk of its development. The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is thought to involve different factors. Studies in rodent models [1,2], suggest that abnormalities in this immuno-bacterial relationship may be a key to the pathogenesis of the human IBD, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Not one pathogenic factor has been established, relationship between the establishment of the gut flora and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been suggested [3]. Increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected [4]. The cytokines are secreted by macrophages, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and the massively infiltrating of these cells are thought to contribute by producing large amounts of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid [5]
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