Bi-directionally selective bone targeting delivery for anabolic and antiresorptive drugs: A novel combined therapy for osteoporosis?

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic skeletal disease, in which the equilibrium of bone resorption and bone formation is disturbed. The drugs for osteoporosis can be divided into two categories according to their predominant effects: antiresorptive drugs and anabolic drugs. Antiresorptive drugs are designed to inhibit bone resorption and anabolic drugs are aiming to stimulate bone formation. On the other hand, most antiresorptive drugs usually decrease anabolic activities and reduce bone formation, while anabolic drugs can unintendedly increase bone resorption. Furthermore, both types of drugs show no preferential distribution in bone and can locate generally in the areas of both bone formation and bone resorption. Consequently, the non-specific interaction of these drugs with non-targeting area and cells can lead to a compromised efficacy. Combined therapies of antiresorptive and anabolic drugs do not necessarily yield superiority when compared to monotherapy. Here, basing on the targeting cells of these two kinds of drugs and the spatial distribution of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, we propose a novel drug delivery system of bi-directionally selective targeting in order to facilitate the efficacy of antiresorptive and anabolic drugs in combined therapy. In the system, an antiresorptive drug will be linked with a peptide of the eight repeating sequences of aspartate – (Asp)8 that can preferentially guide the drugs to bone resorption zone; while an anabolic drug linked with a peptide of six repeats of the sequence aspartate, serine, serine – (Asp–Ser–Ser)6 that can favorably guide the drugs to bone formation zone. The novel delivery system will improve the specific interaction between the drugs and their targeting cells. Furthermore, the system will reduce the non-specific interaction of the anabolic and antiresorptive drugs with their respective non-targeting cells, which will maximally reduce their side-effects. Therefore, we postulate that the new bone targeting drug delivery system will be a blessing for osteoporotic patients.