Abstract
Motion-onset visual evoked potential (mVEP) has been successfully used for spelling in both EEG and intracranial EEG based brain-computer interface (BCI). However, its speed is relatively slow compared to P300 and SSVEP paradigms. In order to improve the speed, we proposed a novel bi-directional (leftward and rightward) visual motion BCI paradigm, which decreased the stimulus presentation time of single trial by 50%. Offline experiments were conducted on 5 subjects, which revealed a unique symmetrical spatial and temporal mVEP pattern. The N200 peak of mVEP first appeared on the hemisphere contralateral to the visual motion onset position of stimuli, which reflected the hemisphere transmission delay caused by the optic chiasm. Based on this observation, we developed a BCI system capable of discriminating not only target mVEP responses from non-target ones, but also response to leftward motion from rightward ones. Our new system achieved an averaged AUC 0.93 ± 0.044 in BCI classification, and an information transfer rate (ITR) boost of 43 ± 16% over original uni-directional mVEP BCI in offline evaluation. The results demonstrated the capacity of bi-directional visual motion paradigm in doubling the BCI spelling speed, and laid the foundation for a high speed online visual motion BCI.
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