Abstract
This chapter discusses the accumulation of organelles near the site of nerve injury and presents certain conclusions about the transport of organelles in axons from a study of the distribution of axonal mitochondria and of their shift after injury. After nerve injury, axonal particles accumulate at the ends of interrupted fibers in both the central and peripheral stump. The chapter discusses some immediate effects of injury. It then highlights the onset and time course of accumulation of organelles. Organelles begin to accumulate in the unaffected parts of nerve fibers soon after injury. An increased number of vesicles and mitochondria are detected in nerve fibers of the mouse 30 minutes after section. A few hours after section or crushing of mammalian nerves, a considerable accumulation of organelles is found in a great number of fibers on both the sides of the lesion. They can be characterized as (1) organelles usually collect at some distance from the region disorganized by injury, (2) near the fiber end, accumulated organelles fill the whole lumen of the axon; this part of the pellet does not contain neurofilaments, (3) and farther away from the fiber tip, organelles are collected at the axonal circumference, whereas the axial column is filled with longitudinally running neurofilaments. The chapter further reviews the composition of pellets in the proximal and distal stump.
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