Abstract
Materials with a complex visual appearance, like goniochromatic or non-diffuse, are widely used for the packaging industry. Measuring optical properties of such materials requires a bidirectional approach, and therefore, it is difficult and time consuming to characterize such a material. We investigate the suitability of using an image-based measurement setup to measure materials with a complex visual appearance and model them using two well-established reflection models, Cook–Torrance and isotropic Ward. It was learned that the complex materials typically used in the print and packaging industry, similar to the ones used in this paper, can be measured bidirectionally using our measurement setup, but with a noticeable error. Furthermore, the performance of the reflection models used in this paper shows big errors colorimetrically, especially for the goniochromatic material measured.
Highlights
Non-diffuse materials like metallic inks, varnish coatings, and effect paints are widely used in the industry such as for print and packaging to produce a desirable visual appearance of a product
The total number of measurements being many, 0 we present below CIE1976 u v plots for all the samples measured and predicted using reflections models fitted with the dataset captured with our measurement setup at a single illumination direction (θ L = −45◦ )
This paper investigates the suitability of measuring materials with a complex visual appearance bidirectionally using our measurement setup
Summary
Non-diffuse materials like metallic inks, varnish coatings, and effect paints are widely used in the industry such as for print and packaging to produce a desirable visual appearance of a product. The multi-layered structure of these pearlescent pigments contributes to the variation in visual appearance depending on the illumination and viewing direction. They contain a base layer plus multiple layers of metal oxides with varying refractive indices [2]. Colour appearance attributes (like hue, chroma, and brightness) of these pigments are dependent on both illumination and viewing directions. Such materials are called ‘goniochromatic’ [5,6] and are used in car paint and the cosmetics industry, apart from the print and packaging industry
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