Abstract
Purpose Thyroid hormones play an important role in growth, development, and physiology of the kidney. The kidney plays a key role in the metabolism, degradation, and excretion of thyroid hormones and its metabolites. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of disease states of thyroid-kidney organs and detecting the correlation between thyroid and kidney function abnormalities. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, a total of forty-five patients with thyroid and kidney dysfunction were investigated. Clinical features, laboratory data at initial presentation, management, and outcomes were collected. The paper has been written based on searching PubMed and Google Scholar to identify potentially relevant articles or abstracts. Median, percentage, mean ± standard deviation (SD), and the two-tailed t-test were used for statistical analyses. The correlation between variables was assessed by Pearson's, Spearman's correlation tests and regression analyses. Results The mean ± SD of age of study patients was 48.2 ± 22.93 years (ranging from 1 to 90 years). There was no correlation between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine levels with estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria. No association between antimicrosomal antibodies with estimated glomerular filtration rate was seen. Cardiovascular disease was the most common complication of overt hypothyroidism in kidney dysfunction patients. Conclusion The present study showed more prevalence of primary hypothyroidism in comparison with other thyroid dysfunctions in patients with kidney dysfunction. Reduced mean values of thyroid function profiles after treatment suggest that this thyroid disease should be considered and ameliorated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients with kidney disease.
Highlights
Kidneys are involved in the metabolism and elimination of thyroid hormones. yroid dysfunction is common in patients with chronic kidney disease [1]
The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of disease states of thyroid-kidney organs and detecting the correlation between thyroid and kidney function abnormalities. e questions which are suggested are as follows: 2.1
Electronic Search. e paper has been written based on advanced searching via PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify articles that were published since inception to January 2020. e mentioned search included the following search terms: chronic kidney disease and thyroid dysfunction, thyroid and kidney disease, and thyroid and chronic kidney disease
Summary
Yroid hormones are necessary for the growth and development of the kidney and for the maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis. Yroid dysfunction is common in patients with chronic kidney disease [1]. Kidneys are involved in the metabolism and elimination of thyroid hormones. Documentation of this association has come from large, welldocumented clinical trials that found an inverse relationship between thyroid function (generally best assessed by measurement of serum thyrotropin levels) and estimated glomerular filtration rates [2]. Patients with chronic kidney disease exhibit a variety of endocrine disturbances, but the evidence of thyroid dysfunction exists only in laboratory parameters. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well-known cause of nonthyroidal illness causing thyroid dysfunction, i.e., alteration in thyroid parameters in the absence of underlying thyroid disease [3]
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