Abstract
Central nervous system injuries may lead to the disorders of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and enteric nervous system. These effects then cause the changes in the intestinal microenvironment, such as a disordered intestinal immune system as well as alterations of intestinal bacteria. Ultimately, this leads to an increase in intestinal permeability. Inflammatory factors produced by the interactions between intestinal neurons and immune cells as well as the secretions and metabolites of intestinal flora can then migrate through the intestinal barrier, which will aggravate any peripheral inflammation and the central nervous system injury. The brain‐gut‐microbiota axis is a complex system that plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of central nervous system diseases. It may also increase the consequences of preventative treatment. In this context, here we have summarized the factors that can lead to the increased intestinal permeability and some of the possible outcomes.
Highlights
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nerves are activated under the stimulus of inflammation induced by a central injury
We first explored the key elements that lead to impairment of the intestinal permeability induced by central nervous system (CNS) injury based on the brain-gutmicrobiota axis
We believe that the neurotransmitters and hormones released by the disordered autonomic nerves and the HPA axis after CNS injury are the primary factors leading to increased intestinal permeability
Summary
Xiao-jin Li1 | Xin-yu You1 | Cong-ying Wang1 | Xue-li Li1 | Yuan-yuan Sheng1 | Peng-wei Zhuang1,2 | Yan-jun Zhang[1,2].
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