Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and depression using a national sample cohort of the Korean population. Data were collected from individuals ≥20 years old in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort between 2002 and 2013. We designed two different nested case-control studies. In study I, 60,957 participants with depression were matched at a 1:4 ratio with 243,828 controls, and their previous histories of GERD were analyzed. In study II, 133,089 participants with GERD were matched at a 1:2 ratio with 266,178 controls, and their previous histories of depression were analyzed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression analyses, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex. The adjusted OR for GERD was 2.01 (95% CI = 1.96–2.07) in the patients with depression (study I). The adjusted OR for depression was 1.48 (95% CI = 1.43–1.52) in the patients with GERD (study II). The results of the subgroup analyses were consistent. GERD and depression displayed bidirectional associations.
Highlights
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders[1]
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and depression using a national sample cohort of the Korean population
The crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for GERD were 1.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.92–2.02) and 2.01, respectively, in the depression group (P < 0.001, Table 2)
Summary
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders[1]. Previous studies have reported an association between depression and GERD10–13. Some cross-sectional studies have reported this association[11,13]; the direction of the effect is not clear. Verifying the direction of the association between GERD and depression is important because it may affect the approach to managing patients diagnosed with both diseases, as these patients are frequently treated in clinics. Study, we extracted data from patients with depression and their 1:4 matched controls (study I) and analyzed their previous histories of GERD. We obtained data from patients with GERD and their 1:2 matched controls (study II) and analyzed their previous histories of depression
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