Abstract
Aiming at the problem of insufficient research on the interactions of various participants in energy and frequency regulation (FR) market that takes into account the participation of wind power (WP) and large-scale electric vehicles (EV), a bidding strategy for WP and large-scale EVs in day-ahead energy-FR market is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the analysis of the influence factors of the whole process EV behavior boundaries, a classification and aggregation method of EV cluster is proposed. Then, considering EV battery loss and wind power deviation penalty, a two-layer model is established. The upper layer is the bidding model of maximum revenue of wind power producer (WPP) and electric vehicle aggregator (EVA), and the lower layer is the clearing model with the lowest system operation cost for the power trading center. The competitive relationship between EVA and WPP is described based on Nash game. Finally, the simulated results show that the suggested classification and aggregation method can achieve fast and accurate solution of large-scale electric vehicles optimization model, and the independent bidding mode is more consistent with the optimal market operation compared with the price taker bidding mode and the collaborative bidding mode, which can protect the benefit for each participant.
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