Abstract
Compounds incorporating the bicyclic 5-5 heterocyclic ring system with one ring junction nitrogen atom and three extra heteroatoms (mainly, O, N, and S) have useful physical with important technological applications as photographic dyes (yellow, magenta, and cyan), polymer films, corrosion inhibitors, hair dyes, inkjet printing, components of colorant dispersion compositions, radical photoinitiators, etc., as well as biological properties including antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal activities for life sciences and for agricultural applications. Consequently, the compounds that belong to this type of heterocyclic ring system are very attractive targets for organic synthesis and chemical manipulation. In this Chapter, the recent developments in this area from 1996 to 2006, covering different aspects such as theoretical methods, structure (NMR data), thermodynamic properties (tautomerism), reactivity of the rings, reactivity of the substituents attached to the ring, ring synthesis by using different strategies depending on the number of ring atoms in each component, ring synthesis from another ring, and applications, are reviewed.
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