Abstract
The 1,3a,6a-triazapentalene (TAP) is an aromatic heterocyclic fluorescent dye with interesting features such as its small size, large Stokes shift, solvatochromism, and emission wavelengths that are spread across the visible spectrum. TAPs have been synthesized via different synthetic strategies involving click−cyclization−aromatization domino reactions, gold-catalyzed cyclization of propargyl triazoles or triazolization of acetophenones. As a result, TAPs with diverse substitution patterns were obtained, showing varying fluorescence properties. Based on these properties, several TAPs have been selected and studied as fluorescent imaging probes in living cells and as sensors. This mini review provides an overview of the research on the bicyclic TAPs and does not comment on the literature about benzo or otherwise fused systems. The synthetic methodologies for the preparation of TAPs, the substituent effects on the fluorescence properties, and the behavior of the TAP core as an element of biological imaging probes and sensors are discussed.
Highlights
Organic fluorophores have been widely applied in modern science and technology as biological labels and have probes [1,2,3,4,5,6], fluorescentOrganic fluorophores been widely applied insensors modern[7,8,9,10,11], science etc.and Advances technology in these as biological labels and probes fluorescent sensors etc
The based on the Hammett values and the solvatochromic effect might be of use to predict nm and nm, respectively, when changing the solvent from benzene to acetone
12i with lithium lithium hydroxide, hydroxide, a benzoic acid derivative obtained that was directly converted an activated a benzoic was obtained that was directlyinto converted into anN-activated Nacidwas derivative hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester(NHS)
Summary
Organic fluorophores have been widely applied in modern science and technology as biological labels and have probes [1,2,3,4,5,6], fluorescent. 1-(o-nitro(hetero)aryl)pyrazoles lished methods to synthesize fused TAPs involve the deoxygenation of 1-(o-nitro(het and thermolysis or photolysis of 1-(o-azido(hetero)aryl)pyrazoles [18,19,20,21,22], among others [23,24]. The fluorescence properties of these fused TAPs are Chemosensors 2021, 9, 16. NumberFurthermore, of valuable ble studies by this group throughout the past decade studies published by this group throughout the past decade [27,28,29,30] These these findings encouraged other researchers to study the TAP fluorophore and to findings encouraged other researchers to study the fluorophore and to develop develop alternative methods for their preparation [31,32].
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